Cohesive properties

The hydrogen bonds between water molecules means that water molecules cohere or stick to each other to form droplets, also this forms a surface skin on ponds and lakes. This allows many insects to walk on its surface or larvae to cling to this surface.

Water molecules because they are polar also can stick to other materials. This is called adhesion. An example of adhesive forces at work is shown with the water droplets sticking on to the spider web.

Water molecules also climbs up and along small tubes in the xylem vessels in the root and shoot  systems of plants. This means it is an excellent medium to transport dissolved substances like sugars and mineral ions. The movement of water from roots to leaves in plants involves water adhesion to the walls of the tubes and cohesion of water to itself.

Link to B.3.2.7—Transport of water from roots to leaves during transpiration

Water is lost at the leaves by evaporation. The water being lost draws water out of xylem vessels and through cell walls by capillary action.  This transpiration pull draws water up in the xylem. Cohesion ensures a continuous column of water from roots to leaves.

Capillary action